polyglot

2023-02-23T21:53:05Z

Seldirba: mi mu'umgu

Lojban is full of all kinds of different dialects nowadays - all the new kids with their {{j|po}}s and {{j|tau}}s and {{j|ki}}s and {{j|voi}}s... The worst thing is you have no way of systematically figuring out what dialect a sentence is in, unless it happens to parse in only exactly one of them!

Well, there's always a compromise. Just write sentences that parse in all dialects! ...Wait, you didn't say they're not allowed to contain the forbidden words..? Just that they need to parse in both cases..?

'''Polyglots''' (or {{j|sorbauterge'a}} in lojban) are a Lojbanic form of word play (poetry?) that consists of writing sentences that parse in more than one cmavo-swapping dialect, ''despite'' containing some cmavo that have been swapped - of course, not just in some trivial way like quoted with {{j|zo}}. Bonus points if both meanings are semi-plausible lojban sentences. Even more bonus points if the meanings are quite close (it's probably impossible to end up with the ''exact'' same meaning).

== Simple polyglots ==

Some easy examples for the most common cekitau swaps.

=== ki ===

<blockquote>
{{j|.i le banli noi pu ki barda spoja ba se xenru}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''The great thing, which blew up in a huge explosion, it was going to be regretted.'' 
'''Swapped''': ''The grand event, before which there was a huge explosion, will be regretted.''
</blockquote>

=== ce ===

<blockquote>
{{j|.i mi co'arkai lo ka klama le tcadu ce le ricfoi}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''I'm starting to go to the city-and-forest area.'' 
'''Swapped''': ''Someone's starting to go away from me, towards the city, through the forest.''
</blockquote>

=== tau ===

<blockquote>
{{j|.i le skepre cu xusra lo du'u ma'a na djuno tau sy}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''The scientist said that we don't know S (as in, capital S, which is distinct from small s - perhaps S is the name of a conjecture)'' 
'''Swapped''': ''The scientist said that we don't know about them (the scientist).''
</blockquote>

=== voi ===

<blockquote>
{{j|.i la melbi voi banli cu noltru le vi gugde}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''Melbi the Great is the monarch of this country.'' 
'''Swapped''': ''Someone Great In A Beautiful Way is the monarch of this country.''
</blockquote>

== Double polyglots ==

A '''multiple polyglot''' is one that contains more than one distinct cmavo being swapped: here some examples of double polyglots.

=== jboponei ===

Sentences for jboponei can be constructed in a similar style to the simple polyglots above, but jboponei presents a unique challenge: making a sentence involving both {{j|po}} and {{j|nei}}:

<blockquote>
{{j|.i zo'e po mi gleki nei xusra}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''The thing of mine asserts this sentence happily.'' 
'''Swapped''': ''Someone asserts that I'm happy.''
</blockquote>

=== tei and foi ===

Finally a polyglot for two obscure cmavo for creating compound letterals, swapped into {{j|nai}} (paralleling {{j|to'e}}, already proposed before) and {{j|fi'o}} respectively.

<blockquote>
{{j|.i catlu .au tei .a'y .e'y foi pa moi fa .o'y}} 
'''Unswapped''': ''I want O to be the ash-first to watch (maybe "ash-one" is a number)'' 
'''Swapped''': ''Firstly, I don't want O to look at AE.''
</blockquote>

== Name origin ==

In programming, a ''polyglot'' is a program valid in multiple programming languages, resulting in the same or different outputs when run in each of them. An analogical idea can be applied to sentences in ''human'' languages, though it's probably difficult to come up with interesting examples since natural languages are much more different from each other than programming languages are.

slinku'iia

2021-07-09T16:35:34Z

Seldirba: pa moi nu finti le'i papri

'''{{j|slinku'iia}}''' is a lojban dialect which makes ''slinku'i'' words pronounceable simply by prepending ''denpa bu'' to them. This change is fully backwards compatible, as it doesn't change the meaning of anything that used to be grammatical; it only gives certain previously ungrammatical constructs meaning.

Such words are mostly ''fu'ivla'' created as nonce borrowings. For example, under {{j|slinku'iia}}, the English word "charge" could be made into the nonce word {{j|.tcarge}}.

== sli'ykru ==

Another feature of {{j|slinku'iia}} is that it allows for the creation of ''lujvo'' that begin with {{j|CCV'y}} (so-called ''sli'ykru'' words). Such words are considered ''slinku'i'' in standard grammar because if they weren't, then e.g. a ''lujvo'' from {{j|uidje}} + {{j|valsi}}, which would be formed as {{j|uidje'yvla}}, would fall apart ''tosmabru''-style into the phrase {{j|ui dje'yvla}}. Under {{j|slinku'iia}}, the word {{j|uidje'yvla}} is a valid ''lujvo'' that means {{j|uidje zei valsi}}, while {{j|ui.dje'yvla}} is two words, a ''cmavo'' followed by a different valid ''lujvo'' that means {{j|djedi zei valsi}}.

== rafsi ==

Finally, under {{j|slinku'iia}}, any previously ungrammatical ''fu'ivla'' that have become grammatical can also now be used as ''rafsi''. The only precaution that must be taken is that if the first ''rafsi'' in a ''lujvo'' is a ''slinku'i'' form, then the entire ''lujvo'' must begin with a ''denpa bu''. For example, {{j|mulytcarge}} could be a ''lujvo'' meaning "completely charge", while {{j|.tcarge'yca'a}} could mean "charging device".

Lojban Wiki - User contributions [en]

polyglot

slinku'iia